Calculating Covariance using Excel and Python

Excel covariance

https://support.microsoft.com/en-us/office/covariance-p-function-6f0e1e6d-956d-4e4b-9943-cfef0bf9edfc

The formula =COVARIANCE.S(A1:A5,B1:B5) gives 6.5

3	9
2	7
4	12
5	15
6	17	6.5

Python 3 Jupyter Notebook

import pandas as pd, numpy as np

df = pd.DataFrame(list(zip([3,2,4,5,6], [9,7,12,15,17])), columns =['a', 'b'])

a	b
0	3	9
1	2	7
2	4	12
3	5	15
4	6	17

df.cov()

a	b
a	2.5	6.5
b	6.5	17.0

df.cov().iloc[0, 1]

6.5